Nigeria is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world, with about 250 ethnic groups spread across its 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory. These groups vary in population size, language, culture, religion and historical background.

The three largest and most dominant ethnic groups are:

• Hausa-Fulani (mainly in the North)

• Yoruba (mainly in the South-West)

• Igbo (mainly in the South-East)

However, there are hundreds of smaller ethnic groups that are equally rich in cultural heritage. Some of these include the Tiv, Kanuri, Nupe, Ijaw, Ibibio, Efik, Urhobo, Gwari, Idoma and Itsekiri, among many others.

Each ethnic group contributes uniquely to Nigeria’s identity through:

• Language – Over 500 languages are spoken in Nigeria.

• Traditional practices – Including festivals, dressing, music and food.

• Religious beliefs – Ranging from Christianity and Islam to traditional African religions.

This vast ethnic diversity makes Nigeria a vibrant cultural mosaic, but it also presents challenges in areas like national unity, politics and resource sharing. Despite these challenges, Nigeria’s ethnic groups continue to shape its rich history, cultural expressions and national pride.

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